Well now, I'm about to relate to you the whole of my life story,
I
1SG
pro.1:s
0000
unused
relate
relate.INF
vother:pred
you
2SG.OBL
pro.2:g
0001
unused
my
1SG.POSS
rn_pro.1:poss
0000
life story
life_story
rn_np
0003
bridging
‘Well now, I'm about to relate to you the whole of my life story,’
and I can assure you that it will be a true one.
‘and I can assure you that it will be a true one.’
I was born at Benenden, Standen Street, in the old Leasden House.
Benenden
Benenden
pn_np:l
0004
new
Standen
Standen_Street
pn_np:l
0005
new
Leasden House
Leasden_House
pn_np:l
0006
new
‘I was born at Benenden, Standen Street, in the old Leasden House.’
My father, he worked under the Wesley family for forty-seven years and he never had a day off.
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
father
father
np.h:dt_s
0007
bridging
Wesley family
Wesley_family
pn_np.h:l
0008
new
forty-seven
forty-seven
ln_num
‘My father, he worked under the Wesley family for forty-seven years and he never had a day off.’
His job was groom gardener,
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro.h:poss
0007
job
job
np:s
0009
bridging
groom gardener
groom_gardener
np:pred
‘His job was groom gardener,’
but like all other men on these farms, you kept getting it piled on to you
men
man.PL
np:other
0010
bridging
farm-s
farm-PL
rn_np
0011
bridging
getting
get.PTCP.PRS
v:pred
pile-d
pile-PTCP.PST
vother:pred
‘but like all other men on these farms, you kept getting it piled on to you’
and finally he had to look after the cows, pigs, and everything else,
cow-s
cow-PL
np:p
0012
bridging
pig-s
pig-PL
rn_np
0013
bridging
everything
everything
rn_indef_other
‘and finally he had to look after the cows, pigs, and everything else,’
and soon as ever I got just big enough I had to go over there and help him, Saturdays and whenever I was at home.
there
there
other:g
0014
bridging
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0007
Saturday-s
Saturday-PL
np:other
‘and soon as ever I got just big enough I had to go over there and help him, Saturdays and whenever I was at home.’
And uh, it was all jolly hard work,
it
3SG.N
pro:s
0015
bridging
‘And uh, it was all jolly hard work,’
I could never carry a full bucket of water because I wadn't big enough.
bucket
bucket
np:p
0016
new
wadn't
be.PST.1SG.NEG
lv_aux
‘I could never carry a full bucket of water because I wadn't big enough.’
But however, I used to struggle in to the old cows and bullocks and help Father all I could,
struggle
struggle.INF
v:pred
bullock-s
bullock-PL
rn_np
0017
bridging
Father
Father
pn_np.h:p
0007
‘But however, I used to struggle in to the old cows and bullocks and help father all I could,’
and help him cut up the chaff with an old horse bi the name of Boxer,
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0007
chaff
chaff
np:p
0018
new
horse
horse
np:obl
0019
new
‘and help him cut up the chaff with an old horse bi the name of Boxer,’
and finally it got that I got just man enough to be houseboy.
houseboy
houseboy
np.h:pred
‘and finally it got that I got just man enough to be houseboy.’
Then I had to go round and help with the house,
house
house
np:obl
0020
bridging
‘Then I had to go round and help with the house,’
and chop up the wood and such like, and do all odd jobs, run errands, and post the letters, and sometimes go and meet the postman.
errand-s
errand-PL
other:lvc
letter-s
letter-PL
np:p
0022
new
sometimes
sometimes
other
postman
postman
np.h:p
0023
bridging
‘and chop up the wood and such like, and do all odd jobs, run errands, and post the letters, and sometimes go and meet the postman.’
Well as time went on, I got little better man,
‘Well as time went on, I got little better man,’
and they wanted a carter boy to go with the old carter and the horses, so they put me along with him.
carter boy
carter_boy
np.h:p
0024
new
carter
carter
np.h:obl
0025
bridging
horse-s
horse-PL
rn_np
0026
bridging
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:obl
0025
‘and they wanted a carter boy to go with the old carter and the horses, so they put me along with him.’
I didn't want the job, I told Father I didn't want the carter boy job.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
job
job
np:p
0027
bridging
Father
Father
pn_np.h:p
0007
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
carter boy job
carter_boy_job
np:p
0027
‘I didn't want the job, I told father I didn't want the carter boy job.’
He said, You go and do as you're told.
told
tell.PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘He said, You go and do as you're told.’
And in them days it was discipline, no back answers, you had to do as you was told.
day-s
day-PL
np:other
0028
bridging
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
discipline
discipline
np:s
back answer-s
back_answer-PL
np:other
told
tell.PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘And in them days it was discipline, no back answers, you had to do as you was told.’
Anyhow, I went along with this old man, old Mr Barnes, he was a nice old man,
Mr Barnes
Mr_Barnes
pn_np.h:appos
0025
‘Anyhow, I went along with this old man, old Mr Barnes, he was a nice old man,’
never heard that man swear in my life, I didn't,
swear
swear.INF
vother:pred
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
‘never heard that man swear in my life, I didn't,’
and I never known him to grumble.
know-n
know-PTCP.PST
v:pred
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0025
grumble
grumble.INF
vother:pred
‘and I never known him to grumble.’
If there was anything you didn't do quite right, he'd always got patience enough to tell you about it.
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
anything
anything
indef_other:s
0029
bridging
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
tell
tell.INF
vother:pred
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0029
‘If there was anything you didn't do quite right, he'd always got patience enough to tell you about it.’
Used to have a team of four great horses
‘Used to have a team of four great horses’
and one of'em was very bad tempered, oh it was old Boxer, he'd bite you, he bit me several times.
='em
=3PL.OBL
=rn_pro
0026
bad tempered
bad_tempered
other:pred
‘and one of'em was very bad tempered, oh it was old Boxer, he'd bite you, he bit me several times.’
He'd come right at you, he would, with his mouth wide open,
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0019
mouth
mouth
np:other
0030
bridging
‘He'd come right at you, he would, with his mouth wide open,’
and he'd have you if you didn't get out of the way pretty quick.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘and he'd have you if you didn't get out of the way pretty quick.’
But anyhow, I got wide-o to him,
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro:obl
0019
‘But anyhow, I got wide-o to him,’
I hit him one day when he come to me, I met him and I hit him right up the face with the butt of the whip.
face
face
np:l
0031
bridging
butt
butt
np:obl
0032
bridging
whip
whip
rn_np
0033
bridging
‘I hit him one day when he come to me, I met him and I hit him right up the face with the butt of the whip.’
He didn't come for me anymore.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
me
1SG.OBL
pro.1:obl
0000
‘He didn't come for me anymore.’
But anyhow, we used to have to go to work and do the ploughing with'em, one in front of the other in them days,
we
1PL
pro.1:s
0034
bridging
ploughing
ploughing
np:p
0035
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:obl
0026
‘But anyhow, we used to have to go to work and do the ploughing with'em, one in front of the other in them days,’
and the old mare on the front, her name was Violet, I remember,
mare
mare
np:dt_poss
0036
bridging
her
3SG.F.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0036
name
name
np:s
0037
bridging
remember
remember.PRS
other
‘and the old mare on the front, her name was Violet, I remember,’
she was a rat-tailed old mare, she hadn't got any hair on her tail, only on the end,
rat-tailed
rat-tailed
ln_adj
had-n't
have.PST-NEG
lv_aux
her
3SG.F.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0036
tail
tail
np:l
0038
bridging
end
end
np:l
0039
bridging
‘she was a rat-tailed old mare, she hadn't got any hair on her tail, only on the end,’
and her name was Violet,
her
3SG.F.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0036
‘and her name was Violet,’
and that old mare, she knew far more about it than what I knew.
‘and that old mare, she knew far more about it than what I knew.’
I used to have to hold the whip both hands if the wind blowed to keep it upright, this great long old whip, ten foot long.
wind
wind
np:s
0040
unused
‘I used to have to hold the whip both hands if the wind blowed to keep it upright, this great long old whip, ten foot long.’
But anyhow, I used to have to drive these horses,
horse-s
horse-PL
np:p
0026
‘But anyhow, I used to have to drive these horses,’
and when they got out at the end, 'course that old mare knew her job, she used to go out and come back round again and off back up the furrow again.
end
end
np:l
0041
bridging
her
3SG.F.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0036
job
job
np:p
0042
bridging
furrow
furrow
np:g
0043
bridging
‘and when they got out at the end, 'course that old mare knew her job, she used to go out and come back round again and off back up the furrow again.’
And we used to have to go down to a, a field, down the lower end of the farm.
field
field
np:g
0044
bridging
end
end
rn_np
0045
bridging
farm
farm
rn_np
0046
bridging
‘And we used to have to go down to a, a field, down the lower end of the farm.’
There was seven acres in it,
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
‘There was seven acres in it,’
and we'd got to plough that in six days.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:p
0044
‘and we'd got to plough that in six days.’
That had to be done by Saturday night.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0047
bridging
Saturday night
Saturday_night
np:other
‘That had to be done by Saturday night.’
We used to get out at seven o'clock in the morning,
‘We used to get out at seven o'clock in the morning,’
and unyoke at four in the afternoon.
afternoon
afternoon
rn_np
‘and unyoke at four in the afternoon.’
And then carry on and clean'em, groom'em, cut chaff and various jobs, till tea time.
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0026
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0026
tea time
tea_time
np:other
‘And then carry on and clean'em, groom'em, cut chaff and various jobs, till tea time.’
And then he would stop there till six o'clock and see to'em,
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0026
‘And then he would stop there till six o'clock and see to'em,’
then I had to go back and stop there with'im till eight o'clock,
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro.h:obl
0025
‘then I had to go back and stop there with'em till eight o'clock,’
finish up what jobs there was,
job-s
job-PL
np:s
0048
bridging
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
‘finish up what jobs there was,’
and feed'em and water'em, and put their beds down and so on for the night.
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0026
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0026
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0026
bed-s
bed-PL
np:p
0049
new
‘and feed'em and water'em, and put their beds down and so on for the night.’
And I had to be up there-- up again half past six the next morning, ready for the next day's work.
day='s
day=POSS
ln_np:poss
‘And I had to be up there, up again half past six the next morning, ready for the next day's work.’
I know sometimes when hop picking time, they used to grow a lot of hops in those days,
sometimes
sometimes
other
hop picking time
hop_picking_time
np:other
0050
new
they
3PL
pro.h:a
0051
bridging
‘I know sometimes when hop picking time, they used to grow a lot of hops in those days,’
and uh, it was almost a constant job to and fro to Cranbrook station.
Cranbrook station
Cranbrook_station
pn_np:g
0053
new
‘and uh, it was almost a constant job to and fro to Cranbrook station.’
We used to start off at midnight,
midnight
midnight
np:other
‘We used to start off at midnight,’
and get down in the station so as to be first, or amongst the first,
station
station
np:g
0053
first
first
rn_np.h
0054
bridging
‘and get down in the station so as to be first, or amongst the first,’
and we was generally the first one down there.
generally
generally
other
‘and we was generally the first one down there.’
I put the horses' nose bag on down in Cranbrook station at two o'clock in the morning.
horse-s'
horse-PL.POSS
ln_np:poss
0026
nose bag
nose_bag
np:p
0055
bridging
Cranbrook station
Cranbrook_station
pn_np:l
0053
‘I put the horses' nose bag on down in Cranbrook station at two o'clock in the morning.’
And 'course you was the first one to get unloaded,
unload-ed
unload-PTCP.PST
vother:pred
‘And 'course you was the first one to get unloaded,’
or else that meant staying about there perhaps till seven o'clock that night.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:a
0056
bridging
stay-ing
stay-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
night
night
np:other
0057
bridging
‘or else that meant staying about there perhaps till seven o'clock that night.’
I've seen hops all the way from the station right up to the old Hartley pub there, one load behind the other,
hops
hops
np:p
0058
bridging
station
station
np:obl
0053
Hartley pub
Hartley_pub
pn_np:g
0059
new
load
load
np:other
0060
bridging
other
other
np:other
0061
bridging
‘I've seen hops all the way from the station right up to the old Hartley pub there, one load behind the other,’
and some of'em, that was pretty late in the evening before they got away,
some
some
np.h:dt_s
0062
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=rn_pro.h
0063
bridging
‘and some of'em, that was pretty late in the evening before they got away,’
but we used to get back home again.
‘but we used to get back home again.’
And I remember once when we went home, he said, well now, he said, when you've had a bit to eat, he said, you'd better go out to the forest and green and get a load of brush for the hop pickers.
remember
remember.PRS
v:pred
forest
forest
np:g
0064
new
brush
brush
rn_np
0067
new
hop picker-s
hop_picker-PL
np.h:obl
0068
bridging
‘And I remember once when we went home, he said, well now, he said, when you've had a bit to eat, he said, you'd better go out to the forest and green and get a load of brush for the hop pickers.’
That was for their fires.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0066
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro.h:poss
0068
fire-s
fire-PL
np:pred_obl
0069
bridging
‘That was for their fires.’
So we had to go out to the forest and green there and, up in the wood, and get five hundred of brush.
wood
wood
np:g
0070
bridging
five hundred
five_hundred
np:p
0066
‘So we had to go out to the forest and green there and, up in the wood, and get five hundred of brush.’
And then we had to come home and unload them.
‘And then we had to come home and unload them.’
He'd tell you there was a load of hops ready for you to go away with the next morning.
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
load
load
np:s
0071
bridging
you
2SG.OBL
gen_pro.2:obl
0
0_load_of_hops
f0:obl
0071
‘He'd tell you there was a load of hops ready for you to go away with the next morning.’
That meant start tw--, by twelve o'clock again at night.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:a
0072
bridging
twelve
twelve
num_np:other
‘That meant start by twelve o'clock again at night.’
And that's how that used to go on all through the hop picking.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0073
bridging
hop picking
hop_picking
np:other
0050
‘And that's how that used to go on all through the hop picking.’
I never saw any money for it.
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0074
bridging
‘I never saw any money for it.’
I worked hard and long days at home, but I never saw any money.
‘I worked hard and long days at home, but I never saw any money.’
Well as time went on I got a bit dissatisfied.
dissatisfied
dissatisfied
other
‘Well as time went on I got a bit dissatisfied.’
My chums, they'd always got a few shillings when they went out,
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
chum-s
chum-PL
np.h:dt_a
0075
new
shilling-s
shilling-PL
np:p
0076
new
‘My chums, they'd always got a few shillings when they went out,’
they'd always got something to spend, but I hadn't,
something
something
indef_other:p
0077
bridging
spend
spend.INF
vother:pred
had-n't
have.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘they'd always got something to spend, but I hadn't,’
and I told my mother, I said, I think I'd ought to have a little money, I said, All my pals have got some.
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
mother
mother
np.h:p
0078
bridging
money
money
np:p
0079
bridging
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
some
some
indef_other:p
0079
‘and I told my mother, I said, I think I'd ought to have a little money, I said, All my pals have got some.’
And uh, Oh, she said, You must remember where your bread's a-buttered, she said, You can't have it, she said, We can't afford it, she said, Probably they're better off than we are,
she
3SG.F
pro.h:s_ds
0078
remember
remember.INF
v:pred
where
where
intrg_other:l
your
2SG.POSS
ln_pro.2:poss
0000
a-buttered
a_butter-PTCP.PST
v:pred
she
3SG.F
pro.h:s_ds
0078
she
3SG.F
pro.h:s_ds
0075
we
1PL
pro.1:a
0080
bridging
she
3SG.F
pro.h:s_ds
0075
better
good.CMPR
other:pred
‘And uh, Oh, she said, You must remember where your bread's a-buttered, she said, You can't have it, she said, We can't afford it, she said, Probably they're better off than we are,’
but they wadn't, you know, they didn't get any more money than my father did, but...
wadn't
be.PST.3SG.NEG
cop
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
father
father
np.h:a
0007
‘but they wadn't, you know, they didn't get any more money than my father did, but...’
Anyhow, I could never get any money out of her.
her
3SG.F.OBL
pro.h:obl
0078
‘Anyhow, I could never get any money out of her.’
If there was a few coppers we'd always've a lot of rankling about it,
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
copper-s
copper-PL
np:s
0081
new
‘If there was a few coppers we'd always've a lot of rankling about it,’
and one day I got a bit cheeky, something went wrong with my employer and me and he told me I'd better find a fresh job.
something
something
indef_other:s
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
employer
employer
np.h:obl
0082
bridging
job
job
np:p
0083
bridging
‘and one day I got a bit cheeky, something went wrong with my employer and me and he told me I'd better find a fresh job.’
And that was the best thing that ever happened to me in my life.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0084
bridging
happen-ed
happen-PST
v:pred
me
1SG.OBL
pro.1:obl
0000
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
life
life
np:other
0085
bridging
‘And that was the best thing that ever happened to me in my life.’
And Father, he come home, and he grumbled and groused at me rather about it,
Father
Father
pn_np.h:dt_s
0007
grumble-d
grumble-PST
v:pred
grouse-d
grouse-PST
v:pred
me
1SG.OBL
pro.1:obl
0000
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0084
‘And Father, he come home, and he grumbled and groused at me rather about it,’
but my brother Bob, he come down a few nights afterwards
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
brother
brother
np.h:dt_s
0086
new
night-s
night-PL
np:other
afterwards
afterwards
other
‘but my brother Bob, he come down a few nights afterwards’
and he said he'd heard of a job at Cranbrook under Mr Chopman, carter boy over there.
heard
hear.PTCP.PST
v:pred
Cranbrook
Cranbrook
rn_pn_np
0088
bridging
Mr Chopman
Mr_Chopman
rn_pn_np.h
0089
new
carter boy
carter_boy
np:other
‘and he said he'd heard of a job at Cranbrook under Mr Chopman, carter boy over there.’
So that's where I went and I lodged wi-- 'long with Mr Rickman and his wife, he was carter.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0088
where
where
intrg_other:g
Mr Rickman
Mr_Rickman
pn_np.h:obl
0090
new
his
3SG.M.POSS
rn_pro.h:poss
0090
wife
wife
rn_np.h
0091
bridging
‘So that's where I went and I lodged wi-- 'long with Mr Rickman and his wife, he was carter.’
And eh, I had ten bob a week,
‘And eh, I had ten bob a week,’
and eh, I paid them seven and sixpence for my lodgings.
them
3PL.OBL
pro.h:p2
0092
bridging
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
lodging-s
lodging-PL
np:obl
0093
bridging
‘and eh, I paid them seven and sixpence for my lodgings.’
That left me half a crown to clothe myself and find my boots and one thing and the other.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:a
0094
bridging
clothe
clothe.INF
vother:pred
myself
1SG.REFL
refl.1:p
0000
find
find.INF
vother:pred
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
boot-s
boot-PL
np:p
0095
bridging
‘That left me half a crown to clothe myself and find my boots and one thing and the other.’
However, that went on for some time, and when I went away, my old mother, she never put much in my clothes box.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0096
bridging
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
mother
mother
np.h:dt_a
0078
much
much
np:p
0097
bridging
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
clothes box
clothes_box
np:g
0098
bridging
‘However, that went on for some time, and when I went away, my old mother, she never put much in my clothes box.’
Well I don't suppose she'd got the money to get it, or I remember I never had much.
suppose
suppose.INF
v:pred
remember
remember.PRS
v:pred
‘Well I don't suppose she'd got the money to get it, or I remember I never had much.’
But anyhow eh, my boots, they begun to get pretty dilapidated,
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
boot-s
boot-PL
np:dt_a
0099
bridging
dilapidated
dilapidated
other
‘But anyhow eh, my boots, they begun to get pretty dilapidated,’
and he said to me, Well, I don't know, Boy, he said, You want a new pair of boots? I said, Yes, I keep getting wet foot.
pair
pair
np:p
0100
bridging
getting
get.PTCP.PRS
v:pred
foot
foot
np:p
0101
bridging
‘and he said to me, Well, I don't know, Boy, he said, You want a new pair of boots? I said, Yes, I keep getting wet foot.’
He said, You'd better go down to Marchant and Tubbs,
Marchant and Tubbs
Marchant_and_Tubbs
pn_np:g
0102
new
‘He said, You'd better go down to Marchant and Tubbs,’
that was a shop down in Cranbrook,
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0102
Cranbrook
Cranbrook
pn_np:l
0088
‘that was a shop down in Cranbrook,’
and he said, That's where I always have my clothes, So you go down there and, and tell'im you want a new pair of boots.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0102
where
where
intrg_other:l
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
clothes
clothes
np:p
0103
bridging
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro.h:p
0104
bridging
‘and he said, That's where I always have my clothes, So you go down there and, and tell him you want a new pair of boots.’
He said, You give'im what money you've got, he said, and tell'im you'll pay the rest when you've saved it up.
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro.h:p
0104
money
money
np:a
0105
bridging
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro.h:p
0104
rest
rest
np:p
0106
bridging
save-d
save-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘He said, You give'im what money you've got, he said, and tell'im you'll pay the rest when you've saved it up.’
I went down there and I asked him for this pair of boots, and he wouldn't hear of it.
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0104
pair
pair
np:obl
0107
bridging
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
‘I went down there and I asked him for this pair of boots, and he wouldn't hear of it.’
Well I went back home again, up to where I lodged,
where
where
intrg_other:g
0093
‘Well I went back home again, up to where I lodged,’
and he said, What's the matter with you, boy?
what
what
intrg_other:pred
you
2SG.OBL
rn_pro.2
0000
‘and he said, What's the matter with you, boy?’
I said, Well he wouldn't let me have them boots, I said, I be afraid I'll have to manage with what I got.
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
‘I said, Well he wouldn't let me have them boots, I said, I be afraid I'll have to manage with what I got.’
He said, You won't, you know, he said.
‘He said, You won't, you know, he said.’
He put on his jacket, Where's my jacket, Mother, he said.
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro.h:poss
0090
jacket
jacket
np:p
0108
new
where
where
intrg_other:pred_l
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0090
Mother
Mother
pn_np.h:voc
0091
‘He put on his jacket, Where's my jacket, mother, he said.’
And he put on his jacket, he went down there, he come back with them boots.
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro.h:poss
0090
boot-s
boot-PL
np:obl
0107
‘And he put on his jacket, he went down there, he come back with them boots.’
He said, If that man hadn't'a let you had them boots, he said, I'd'a never bought nothing else off him.
had-n't
have.PST-NEG
lv_aux
bought
buy.PTCP.PST
v:pred
nothing
nothing
indef_other:p
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:obl
0104
‘He said, If that man hadn't'a let you had them boots, he said, I'd'a never bought nothing else off him.’
So uh that went on, and as time went on, 'course I didn't spend anything then much, I used to keep putting this half a crown away till I got a few shillings together to buy what little bits I wanted.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
anything
anything
indef_other:p
putting
put.PTCP.PRS
v:pred
half
half
np:p
0109
bridging
shilling-s
shilling-PL
np:p
0110
bridging
‘So uh that went on, and as time went on, 'course I didn't spend anything then much, I used to keep putting this half a crown away till I got a few shillings together to buy what little bits I wanted.’
But I was a long time, you know, getting myself clothed up.
getting
get.PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
myself
1SG.REFL
refl.1:p
0000
clothe-d
clothe-PTCP.PS
vother:pred
‘But I was a long time, you know, getting myself clothed up.’
And of course mi shirts and that, they wore out,
of course
of_course
other
mi
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
shirt-s
shirt-PL
np:dt_s
0111
new
‘And of course mi shirts and that, they wore out,’
and, the landlady, she was good enough, used to wash'em and iron'em and get'em all ready for me,
landlady
landlady
np.h:dt_s
0091
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0111
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0111
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0111
me
1SG.OBL
pro.1:obl
0000
‘and, the landlady, she was good enough, used to wash'em and iron'em and get'em all ready for me,’
they, they was more or less like a father and mother to me.
father
father
np.h:pred_other
me
1SG.OBL
pro.1:obl
0000
‘they, they was more or less like a father and mother to me.’
Well that man, he was a marvellous chap, great big fellow he was.
marvellous
marvellous
ln_adj
‘Well that man, he was a marvellous chap, great big fellow he was.’
And he told me that during his young days, he said, We was like you, he said, We didn't have a bit more than enough.
his
3SG.M.POSS
nc_pro.h
0090
day-s
day-PL
nc_np
0112
new
we
1PL
pro.1:s
0113
bridging
you
2SG.OBL
pro.2:pred_other
0000
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘And he told me that during his young days, he said, We was like you, he said, We didn't have a bit more than enough.’
He said, I remember one Sunday morning, he said, Laying a-bed, he said, Mother wouldn't let us get up.
remember
remember.PRS
v:pred
Sunday morning
Sunday_morning
np:other
lay-ing
lay-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
Mother
Mother
pn_np.h:a
0114
bridging
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
us
1PL.OBL
pro.1:p
0115
bridging
‘He said, I remember one Sunday morning, he said, Laying a-bed, he said, Mother wouldn't let us get up.’
She told us to lay there till she'd got the breakfast ready.
breakfast
breakfast
np:p
0116
new
‘She told us to lay there till she'd got the breakfast ready.’
He said, And when we did get up and went down to our breakfast, he said, It was a, a suet pudding and a swede turnip.
our
1PL.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0115
breakfast
breakfast
np:g
0116
suet pudding
suet_pudding
np:pred
swede turnip
swede_turnip
rn_np
‘He said, And when we did get up and went down to our breakfast, he said, It was a, a suet pudding and a swede turnip.’
He said, That was our breakfast, he said, That's all the grub there was in the house.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0116
our
1PL.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0115
breakfast
breakfast
np:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0116
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
house
house
np:l
0117
bridging
‘He said, That was our breakfast, he said, That's all the grub there was in the house.’
However, he said, As time went on, he said, We grabbled about and one went away from home and got a job and went away, and another one, he said, And we got through life somehow.
grabble-d
grabble-PST
v:pred
one
one
num_np.h:s
0118
bridging
one
one
num_np.h:other
0120
bridging
‘However, he said, As time went on, he said, We grabbled about and one went away from home and got a job and went away, and another one, he said, And we got through life somehow.’
But that just tells you how hard that life was in those days.
tell-s
tell-PRS.3SG
v:pred
‘But that just tells you how hard that life was in those days.’
And that man, after living like that, he grew into a man strong enough and big enough that he would carry a barrel of brimstone,
living
live.PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
that
DIST.SG
pro:other
0121
bridging
barrel
barrel
np:p
0122
new
brimstone
brimstone
rn_np
‘And that man, after living like that, he grew into a man strong enough and big enough that he would carry a barrel of brimstone,’
he'd take that out of the waggon and carried it in the oast-house, and that weighed four hundredweight.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:p
0122
waggon
waggon
np:obl
0123
bridging
oast-house
oast_house
np:g
0124
new
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0122
weigh-ed
weigh-PST
v:pred
hundredweight
hundredweight
np:other
‘he'd take that out of the waggon and carried it in the oast-house, and that weighed four hundredweight.’
But he was a nice chap.
‘But he was a nice chap.’
I worked with him until finally he, ehm, carried on,
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:obl
0090
‘I worked with him until finally he, ehm, carried on,’
I remember once, well we'd always got one mare there that used to breed a foal every year.
remember
remember.PRS
other
we
1PL
pro.1:a
0125
bridging
‘I remember once, well we'd always got one mare there that used to breed a foal every year.’
Well of course the time come along when she'd got to rest,
‘Well of course the time come along when she'd got to rest,’
and eh, I, eh, was set to work with them two old oxen.
work
work.INF
vother:pred
oxen
ox.PL
np:obl
0128
new
‘and eh, I, eh, was set to work with them two old oxen.’
I didn't know nothing about'em, I'd been used to bullocks and that all my life,
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
nothing
nothing
indef_other:p
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:obl
0127
bridging
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:obl
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
‘I didn't know nothing about'em, I'd been used to bullocks and that all my life,’
I wadn't afraid of'em,
wadn't
be.PST.1SG.NEG
lv_aux
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:obl
0127
‘I wadn't afraid of'em,’
but eh I didn't know nothing what to say to'em or do or anything,
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
nothing
nothing
indef_other:p
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:g
0127
‘but eh I didn't know nothing what to say to'em or do or anything,’
and Mr Chopman said, You'd better go and get them old oxen first, he said, You go round to George Head, he said, He'll tell you how to go on.
Mr Chopman
Mr_Chopman
pn_np.h:s_ds
0089
George Head
George_Head
pn_np.h:g
0128
‘and Mr Chopman said, You'd better go and get them old oxen first, he said, You go round to George Head, he said, He'll tell you how to go on.’
He was stockman, he used to work'em sometimes.
stockman
stockman
np.h:pred
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0127
sometimes
sometimes
other
‘He was stockman, he used to work'em sometimes.’
Well I went round the buildings and found him and we went out into the orchard,
building-s
building-PL
np:other
0129
new
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0128
we
1PL
pro.1:s
0130
bridging
orchard
orchard
np:g
0131
new
‘Well I went round the buildings and found him and we went out into the orchard,’
and soon as we went in the gate the old bullocks, they begun to saunter away up towards us,
gate
gate
np:g
0132
bridging
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:dt_a
0127
saunter
saunter.INF
vother:pred
‘and soon as we went in the gate the old bullocks, they begun to saunter away up towards us,’
and he put the yoke on one of'em, that was old Winch, the one that worked the off-side,
yoke
yoke
np:p
0133
bridging
one
one
num_np:g
0134
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=rn_pro
0127
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0134
‘and he put the yoke on one of'em, that was old Winch, the one that worked the off-side,’
and he held the end up and pulled the bow out, and Winder, he come sauntering up under the yoke, and he yoked him up.
end
end
np:p
0135
bridging
0
0_George_Head
0.h:a
0128
bow
bow
np:p
0136
bridging
Winder
Winder
pn_np:dt_s
0137
bridging
saunter-ing
saunter-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
‘and he held the end up and pulled the bow out, and Winder, he come sauntering up under the yoke, and he yoked him up.’
There, he said, That's how you do that job.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0138
bridging
job
job
np:p
0139
bridging
‘There, he said, That's how you do that job.’
He said, I never show anybody anything, only once.
anybody
anybody
indef_other.h:p
anything
anything
indef_other:p2
‘He said, I never show anybody anything, only once.’
I said, Alright.
‘I said, Alright.’
So he had the old bullocks out,
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:p
0127
‘So he had the old bullocks out,’
and he had'em up to the cart,
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0127
cart
cart
np:g
0140
bridging
‘and he had'em up to the cart,’
and they walked round, one of them did, the off-bullock, and stepped over the nib and they stood theirselves in position
one
one
num_np:other
0134
off-bullock
off_bullock
np:appos
0127
nib
nib
np:other
0141
bridging
theirselves
3PL.REFL
refl:p
0127
‘and they walked round, one of them did, the off-bullock, and stepped over the nib and they stood theirselves in position’
and he went up between'em and lifted the old pole up and put the plug in.
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:g
0127
0
0_George_Head
0.h:a
0128
pole
pole
np:p
0142
bridging
0
0_George_Head
0.h:a
0128
plug
plug
np:p
0143
bridging
‘and he went up between'em and lifted the old pole up and put the plug in.’
Now, he said, there's one thing you want to remember, he said, When you put that plug in, he said, tie it in with that bit of thong, he said, 'Cause that might drop out.
='s
=be.PRS.3SG
=other:predex
thing
thing
np:s
0144
bridging
remember
remember.INF
vother:pred
bit
bit
np:obl
0145
bridging
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0143
‘Now, he said, there's one thing you want to remember, he said, When you put that plug in, he said, tie it in with that bit of thong, he said, 'Cause that might drop out.’
However, that went on, and I had these old bullocks, I had to go in the yard with a lot of cart, with some litter in there, you know, when they got dirty, straw and one thing and the other, and...
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0146
bridging
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:p
0127
yard
yard
np:g
0147
bridging
litter
litter
rn_np
0148
new
‘However, that went on, and I had these old bullocks, I had to go in the yard with a lot of cart, with some litter in there, you know, when they got dirty, straw and one thing and the other, and...’
I know when I first went to go through the gate I got up against the post.
‘I know when I first went to go through the gate I got up against the post.’
I assumed as if I wanted to get hold of'em like I did with the horses,
assume-d
assume-PST
v:pred
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0127
‘I assumed as if I wanted to get hold of'em like I did with the horses,’
but that didn't work.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0150
bridging
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘but that didn't work.’
So after that I walked through myself and they used to come through alright, they would never to-- run into anything.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:other
0151
bridging
myself
1SG.REFL
refl.1:other
0000
anything
anything
indef_other:g
‘So after that I walked through myself and they used to come through alright, they would never to-- run into anything.’
However, I carried on with these old oxen,
‘However, I carried on with these old oxen,’
and then they'd got an old horse bi the name of Captain, he was very very deaf,
they
3PL
pro.h:a
0152
bridging
horse
horse
np:p
0153
new
‘and then they'd got an old horse bi the name of Captain, he was very very deaf,’
and I used to dress all the corn,
‘and I used to dress all the corn,’
I used to have the old horse hooked on in front of'em and a long pole on him to lead'im, to guide him,
hook-ed
hook-PTCP.PST
vother:pred
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:l
0127
him
3SG.M.OBL
rn_pro
0153
lead
lead.INF
vother:pred
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro:p
0153
guide
guide.INF
vother:pred
‘I used to have the old horse hooked on in front of'em and a long pole on him to lead'im, to guide him,’
and I had these two old oxen on the roll, and the dredge coming along behind, I used to dress all the corn like that.
roll
roll
np:other
0156
bridging
dredge
dredge
rn_np
0157
bridging
coming
come.PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:other
‘and I had these two old oxen on the roll, and the dredge coming along behind, I used to dress all the corn like that.’
Marvellous old things to work with.
0
0_animals
0:s
0158
bridging
marvellous
marvellous
ln_adj
work
work.INF
vother:pred
‘Marvellous old things to work with.’
Now I carried on there till such times that they took over Sissinghurst Castle and Bettingham Farm.
Sissinghurst Castle
Sissinghurst_Castle
pn_np:p
0159
new
Bettingham Farm
Bettingham_Farm
rn_pn_np
0160
new
‘Now I carried on there till such times that they took over Sissinghurst Castle and Bettingham Farm.’
And they wanted me to go down there with'em.
there
there
other:g
0161
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro.h:obl
0152
‘And they wanted me to go down there with'em.’
So I went down there and lodged with one of the workmen down there,
one
one
num_np.h:obl
0162
new
workmen
workman.PL
rn_np.h
0163
new
‘So I went down there and lodged with one of the workmen down there,’
and I carried on there till finally I thought to myself, well I'll get married and settle myself down.
myself
1SG.REFL
refl.1:g
0000
married
marry.PTCP.PST
v:pred
myself
1SG.REFL
refl.1:p
0000
‘and I carried on there till finally I thought to myself, well I'll get married and settle myself down.’
So I was twenty-two years of age then,
twenty-two
twenty-two
ln_num
‘So I was twenty-two years of age then,’
and uh he said to me, well, I told him I was gonna get married,
him
3SG.M.OBL
pro.h:p
0089
gonna
go.PTCP.PRS.to
lv_aux
married
marry.PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘and uh he said to me, well, I told him I was gonna get married,’
and he said, Well, he said, There's nowhere for you to live, he said, Only in the old tower.
='s
=be.PRS.3SG
=other:predex
nowhere
nowhere
indef_other:s
live
live.INF
vother:pred
tower
tower
np:g
0164
new
‘and he said, Well, he said, There's nowhere for you to live, he said, Only in the old tower.’
Well, I said, That'd be alright I think.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0164
alright
alright
other:pred
‘Well, I said, That'd be alright I think.’
Well, he said, I'll have it all done out for you.
done
do.PTCP.PST
vother:pred
‘Well, he said, I'll have it all done out for you.’
That was in the old tower at Sissinghurst Castle there.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0165
bridging
tower
tower
np:pred_l
0164
Sissinghurst Castle
Sissinghurst_Castle
rn_pn_np
0159
‘That was in the old tower at Sissinghurst Castle there.’
So he had it all done out and that was my first home. In a castle.
done
do.PTCP.PST
vother:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0165
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
‘So he had it all done out and that was my first home. In a castle.’
And I paid a shilling a week rent.
‘And I paid a shilling a week rent.’
'Tidn't everybody in my circumstances has lived in a castle for a shilling a week, is it?
'tidn't
be.PRS.3SG.NEG
lv
everybody
everybody
indef_other.h:s
my
1SG.POSS
rn_pro.1:poss
0000
circumstance-s
circumstance-PL
rn_np
live-d
live-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘'Tidn't everybody in my circumstances has lived in a castle for a shilling a week, is it?’
However, that went on for some time,
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0166
bridging
‘However, that went on for some time,’
and finally there was all sorts of tales about it,
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
sorts
sorts
np:s
0167
new
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0164
‘and finally there was all sorts of tales about it,’
and my first wife, she got pretty nervous about it,
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
wife
wife
np.h:dt_s
0168
bridging
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0167
‘and my first wife, she got pretty nervous about it,’
and uh, we'd got a little dog, I think that heaped the coals on the fire.
we
1PL
pro.1:a
0169
bridging
‘and uh, we'd got a little dog, I think that heaped the coals on the fire.’
One night we lost this little dog,
‘One night we lost this little dog,’
and all of a sudden I said to her, I said, Well where's Stumpy?
her
3SG.F.OBL
pro.h:g
0168
where
where
intrg_other:pred
Stumpy
Stumpy
pn_np:s
0170
‘and all of a sudden I said to her, I said, Well where's Stumpy?’
Said she didn't know.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘Said she didn't know.’
Well, I said, She must be here somewhere, I said, she couldn't have gone out, 'cause the door was shut.
here
here
other:pred_l
0165
somewhere
somewhere
other
could-n't
could-NEG
lv_aux
door
door
np:s
0171
bridging
‘Well, I said, She must be here somewhere, I said, she couldn't have gone out, 'cause the door was shut.’
Hunted all round, finally I went right up to the top in our bedroom,
top
top
np:g
0172
bridging
our
1PL.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0169
bedroom
bedroom
np:l
0173
bridging
‘Hunted all round, finally I went right up to the top in our bedroom,’
and I met that little dog coming down.
coming
come.PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
‘and I met that little dog coming down.’
That had got down, oh six or seven steps perhaps, from the top, or a little further,
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0170
‘That had got down, oh six or seven steps perhaps, from the top, or a little further,’
and she was standing there shivering and shaking, foaming at the mouth, she seemed frightened out of her life.
stand-ing
stand-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
shiver-ing
shiver-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
shaking
shake.PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
foam-ing
foam-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
mouth
mouth
np:l
0174
bridging
frightened
frightened
v:pred
her
3SG.F.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0170
‘and she was standing there shivering and shaking, foaming at the mouth, she seemed frightened out of her life.’
Well I picked her up in mi arms and stroked her and asked her what was the matter and brought her down.
mi
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
arm-s
arm-PL
np:l
0175
bridging
stroke-d
stroke-PST
v:pred
‘Well I picked her up in mi arms and stroked her and asked her what was the matter and brought her down.’
And uh, after I got her down, you know, she licked herself and that, and she seemed to come round alright,
herself
3SG.F.REFL
refl:p
0170
‘And uh, after I got her down, you know, she licked herself and that, and she seemed to come round alright,’
now, whether that dog saw anything or whatnot I don't know.
anything
anything
indef_other:p
‘now, whether that dog saw anything or whatnot I don't know.’
But I have heard tales since that, a dog can always see these things where a human being can't.
heard
hear.PTCP.PST
v:pred
tale-s
tale-PL
np:p
0176
new
dog
dog
np:a
0177
bridging
thing-s
thing-PL
np:p
0178
new
being
being
np.h:a
0179
new
‘But I have heard tales since that, a dog can always see these things where a human being can't.’
But anyhow, finally we came away from there and that was it.
there
there
other:obl
0165
‘But anyhow, finally we came away from there and that was it.’
And here I am now, back more or less on my own ground, not far from Benenden,
here
here
other:pred_l
0180
bridging
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
Benenden
Benenden
pn_np:l
0181
bridging
‘And here I am now, back more or less on my own ground, not far from Benenden,’
and I'm enjoying life very well up to the present.
enjoy-ing
enjoy-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
‘and I'm enjoying life very well up to the present.’
I feel well and I keep carrying on.
carry-ing
carry-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
‘I feel well and I keep carrying on.’
My eighty-seventh birthday'll fall next October,
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
eighty-seventh
eighty-seventh
ln_adj
birthday
birthday
np:s
0182
new
‘My eighty-seventh birthday'll fall next October,’
and up till last summer I worked twenty yard of allotment,
allotment
allotment
rn_np
‘and up till last summer I worked twenty yard of allotment,’
and I was pretty fond of my garden, but I think I shall give it up now, have a rest, let somebody else carry on.
my
1SG.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0000
garden
garden
np:obl
0184
bridging
somebody
somebody
indef_other.h:p
carry
carry.INF
vother:pred
‘and I was pretty fond of my garden, but I think I shall give it up now, have a rest, let somebody else carry on.’
[INTERVIEWER] Was it more difficult working with oxen than with horses?
work-ing
work-PTCP.PRS
nc
oxen
ox.PL
nc_np
0185
bridging
‘[INTERVIEWER] Was it more difficult working with oxen than with horses?’
Well no, I don't think it was.
‘Well no, I don't think it was.’
For one thing, they were more obedient than a horse.
obedient
obedient
other:pred
horse
horse
np:other
0186
bridging
‘For one thing, they were more obedient than a horse.’
If you said anything to'em they would respond.
anything
anything
indef_other:p
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:g
0185
respond
respond.INF
v:pred
‘If you said anything to'em they would respond.’
A horse, sometimes, they are very self-willed, or a lot of them are,
sometimes
sometimes
other
they
3PL
pro:s
0187
bridging
self-willed
self_willed
other:pred
‘A horse, sometimes, they are very self-willed, or a lot of them are,’
although there is some, I've had some horses almost like a human being, they seemed to know pretty near as much as you knew yourself.
is
be.PRS.3SG
other:predex
some
some
indef_other:s
0189
bridging
horse-s
horse-PL
np:p
0189
yourself
2SG.REFL
gen_refl.2:other
‘although there is some, I've had some horses almost like a human being, they seemed to know pretty near as much as you knew yourself.’
But a bullock, if you, what I mean to say, treated him right, you didn't dare be unkind to'im, to make'im nervous,
bullock
bullock
np:dt
0190
bridging
treat-ed
treat-PST
v:pred
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro:g
0190
make
make.INF
vother:pred
='im
=3SG.M.OBL
=pro:p
0190
‘But a bullock, if you, what I mean to say, treated him right, you didn't dare be unkind to'im, to make'em nervous,’
but if you treated'em right I always thought they was more obedient than a horse.
treat-ed
treat-PST
v:pred
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0185
obedient
obedient
other:pred
horse
horse
np:other
0186
‘but if you treated'em right I always thought they was more obedient than a horse.’
'Course we always worked two together.
we
1PL
pro.1:a
0191
bridging
two
two
num_np:p
0192
bridging
‘'Course we always worked two together.’
And the off-bullock never only had one syllable in his name.
off-bullock
off_bullock
np:a
0193
bridging
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0193
name
name
np:l
0194
bridging
‘And the off-bullock never only had one syllable in his name.’
Hence Winch and Winder, Pink and Piny, such names as that.
Winch
Winch
nc_pn_np
0134
Winder
Winder
nc_pn_np
0137
‘Hence Winch and Winder, Pink and Piny, such names as that.’
[INTERVIEWER] Is that so y--, they knew the difference if you called them?
‘[INTERVIEWER] Is that so y-, they knew the difference if you called them?’
Called them. Yes, and they would always know their place.
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0192
‘Called them. Yes, and they would always know their place.’
That off-bullock, if you was going to yoke them up, he'd always be the first one to come to you,
off-bullock
off_bullock
np:dt_s
0193
go-ing
go-PTCP.PRS
lv_aux
0
0_off_bullock
f0:s
0192
come
come.INF
vother:pred
‘That off-bullock, if you was going to yoke them up, he'd always be the first one to come to you,’
and his mate, he knew, he might be back there amongst all the others, but he'd find his way up there.
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0192
mate
mate
np:dt_a
0195
bridging
other-s
other-PL
np:l
0196
bridging
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0195
‘and his mate, he knew, he might be back there amongst all the others, but he'd find his way up there.’
They was mates together and that's how they always worked.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0197
bridging
‘They was mates together and that's how they always worked.’
I remember once at Sissinghurst Castle ploughing a bit of ground down there, I had to bust this piece of ground up for to plant kale,
remember
remember.PRS
v:pred
Sissinghurst Castle
Sissinghurst_Castle
pn_np:l
0159
plough-ing
plough-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
plant
plant.INF
vother:pred
‘I remember once at Sissinghurst Castle ploughing a bit of ground down there, I had to bust this piece of ground up for to plant kale,’
and I had one of the old-fashioned wooden ploughs, no wheels on it, just the foot,
one
one
num_np:p
0199
new
old-fashioned
old_fashioned
rn_adj
plough-s
plough-PL
rn_np
0200
new
wheel-s
wheel-PL
np:other
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:other
0199
‘and I had one of the old-fashioned wooden ploughs, no wheels on it, just the foot,’
and uh I had the two old oxen, one bullock in the furrow and one out, and the horses out of the furrow, they'd fo--, walk along and follow the edge of that furrow,
bullock
bullock
np:other
0137
furrow
furrow
np:l
0202
bridging
one
one
num_np:other
0134
horse-s
horse-PL
np:other
0201
bridging
edge
edge
np:p
0203
bridging
‘and uh I had the two old oxen, one bullock in the furrow and one out, and the horses out of the furrow, they'd fo-, walk along and follow the edge of that furrow,’
and I ploughed all that frog mead piece, oh several acres of it, with two horses and two oxen.
plough-ed
plough-PST
v:pred
frog mead piece
frog_mead_piece
np:p
0198
horse-s
horse-PL
np:obl
0201
‘and I ploughed all that frog mead piece, oh several acres of it, with two horses and two oxen.’
Used to always have the oxen behind on the plough, all there was in it you had to give them time to pull out at the end, because they was a bit slow.
oxen
ox.PL
np:p
0204
bridging
plough
plough
np:l
0205
bridging
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
pull
pull.INF
vother:pred
end
end
np:l
0206
bridging
‘Used to always have the oxen behind on the plough, all there was in it you had to give them time to pull out at the end, because they was a bit slow.’
[INTERVIEWER] You ploughed with horses and oxen at the same time?
‘[INTERVIEWER] You ploughed with horses and oxen at the same time?’
Yes. Yeah. Oh they wouldn't hurt a horse, they wouldn't gore him or anything like that.
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
horse
horse
np:p
0207
bridging
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
‘Yes. Yeah. Oh they wouldn't hurt a horse, they wouldn't gore him or anything like that.’
They'd walk along, they used to work together alright. Yeah.
they
3PL
pro:s
0208
bridging
‘They'd walk along, they used to work together alright. Yeah.’
[INTERVIEWER] When did you last work with oxen on the land?
‘[INTERVIEWER] When did you last work with oxen on the land?’
Yes. The only trouble with oxen was in wet, if the land was wet.
‘Yes. The only trouble with oxen was in wet, if the land was wet.’
Now where they took their front foot out, they put their hind foot in,
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0185
front
front
ln_adj
0209
bridging
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0175
foot
foot
np:p
0210
bridging
‘Now where they took their front foot out, they put their hind foot in,’
they always do that, a bullock does, if he's walking, if you notice, and of course that trod the ground in such holes.
bullock
bullock
np:other
0211
bridging
walk-ing
walk-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:a
0212
bridging
ground
ground
np:p
0213
bridging
hole-s
hole-PL
np:other
0214
bridging
‘they always do that, a bullock does, if he's walking, if you notice, and of course that trod the ground in such holes.’
We never used to have them on the land when it was very very wet.
‘We never used to have them on the land when it was very very wet.’
We used to have them now clearing the yards out, all the manure come out of the yards after the bullocks had been in there all the winter.
clear-ing
clear-PTCP.PRS
vother:pred
yard-s
yard-PL
np:p
0215
new
manure
manure
np:s
0216
new
yard-s
yard-PL
np:obl
0215
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:s
0185
there
there
other:pred_l
0215
‘We used to have them now clearing the yards out, all the manure come out of the yards after the bullocks had been in there all the winter.’
[INDISTINCT] They would always have you run on top of their mixon as we used to call it, the lump, and eh, to keep it tight so that it shouldn't ferment.
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0185
keep
keep.INF
vother:pred
should-n't
should-NEG
lv_aux
ferment
ferment.INF
v:pred
‘[INDISTINCT] They would always have you run on top of their mixon as we used to call it, the lump, and eh, to keep it tight so that it shouldn't ferment.’
And, eh, sometimes if that was left a day or two, when you went up on that, they would go right down through it.
sometimes
sometimes
other
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0216
left
leave.PTCP.PST
v:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:g
0216
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:other
0216
‘And, eh, sometimes if that was left a day or two, when you went up on that, they would go right down through it.’
I've had them old bullocks sometimes, one of'em'd go right down in up to his belly.
bullock-s
bullock-PL
np:p
0217
bridging
sometimes
sometimes
other
one
one
num_np:s
0218
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=rn_pro
0217
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0218
belly
belly
np:g
0219
bridging
‘I've had them old bullocks sometimes, one of'em go right down in up to his belly.’
Well the only thing to do was to shelve the cart up, take all the weight off their neck
shelve
shelve.INF
vother:pred
cart
cart
np:p
0220
bridging
take
take.INF
vother:pred
weight
weight
np:p
0221
bridging
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0217
neck
neck
np:obl
0222
bridging
‘Well the only thing to do was to shelve the cart up, take all the weight off their neck’
and then tell them to start, and the one that was on the top, well he'd pull the other one out.
start
start.INF
vother:pred
one
one
num_np:dt_a
0223
bridging
one
one
num_np:p
0224
bridging
‘and then tell them to start, and the one that was on the top, well he'd pull the other one out.’
Oh yeah they'd pull one another out.
‘Oh yeah they'd pull one another out.’
'Course if you got a horse down in, mired in like that, that was a nasty business.
horse
horse
np:p
0225
new
mire-d
mire-PTCP.PST
vother:pred
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:other
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0226
bridging
business
business
np:pred
‘'Course if you got a horse down in, mired in like that, that was a nasty business.’
You had to get his cart out of the way and more or less dig him out. Yes.
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0225
cart
cart
np:p
0227
bridging
‘You had to get his cart out of the way and more or less dig him out. Yes.’
But they were marvellous farmers, the Chopman brother.
they
3PL
pro.h:s
0228
bridging
marvellous
marvellous
ln_adj
farmer-s
farmer-PL
np.h:pred
Chopman brother
Chopman_brother
pn_np.h:appos
0228
‘But they were marvellous farmers, the Chopman brother.’
There was a thousand acres of it all told.
was
be.PST.3SG
other:predex
‘There was a thousand acres of it all told.’
Used to start off in the morning, you'd alwa-- we always had to plough an acre,
we
1PL
pro.1:a
0229
bridging
‘Used to start off in the morning, you'd alwa- we always had to plough an acre,’
it was the stumps round the field, used to have to plough from stump to stump.
field
field
rn_np
0231
bridging
stump
stump
np:obl
0232
bridging
stump
stump
np:g
0233
bridging
‘it was the stumps round the field, used to have to plough from stump to stump.’
They used to give you extra time to plough the outside.
outside
outside
np:p
0234
bridging
‘They used to give you extra time to plough the outside.’
But we always had to plough an acre. Seven inches deep, ten inches wide.
‘But we always had to plough an acre. Seven inches deep, ten inches wide.’
You've got to keep away from the edge, otherwise you wouldn't get it, especially in a short corner when you first started perhaps.
edge
edge
np:obl
0235
bridging
otherwise
otherwise
other
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
especially
especially
other
corner
corner
np:l
0236
bridging
start-ed
start-PST
v:pred
‘You've got to keep away from the edge, otherwise you wouldn't get it, especially in a short corner when you first started perhaps.’
If you've got the full length of the field, then you could go a bit steadier. Three horses abreast. Yeah.
steadier
steady.CMPR
other
horse-s
horse-PL
np:other
‘If you've got the full length of the field, then you could go a bit steadier. Three horses abreast. Yeah.’
[INTERVIEWER] How would you do round the outside, did you, did you dig round the outside at all with spades?
outside
outside
nc_np
0234
outside
outside
nc_np
0234
spade-s
spade-PL
nc_np
0237
new
‘[INTERVIEWER] How would you do round the outside, did you, did you dig round the outside at all with spades?’
Well yes, I, they used to dig the corners out, you know, where you couldn't plough in those days,
they
3PL
pro.h:a
0238
new
corner-s
corner-PL
np:p
0239
bridging
could-n't
could-NEG
lv_aux
‘Well yes, I, they used to dig the corners out, you know, where you couldn't plough in those days,’
but we used to plough it all, most of it, keep going round and round till you'd ploughed it all you see. Yeah.
go-ing
go-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
plough-ed
plough-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘but we used to plough it all, most of it, keep going round and round till you'd ploughed it all you see. Yeah.’
In those days, well, a workman's wage was about fifteen bob a week, you got on some farms, they'd give you fifteen shillings a week,
workman='s
workman=POSS
ln_np.h:poss
farm-s
farm-PL
np:l
0241
new
they
3PL
pro.h:a
0242
bridging
shilling-s
shilling-PL
np:p2
‘In those days, well, a workman's wage was about fifteen bob a week, you got on some farms, they'd give you fifteen shillings a week,’
but more or less a lot of them only got thirteen shillings you know.
them
3PL.OBL
rn_pro.h
0243
bridging
shilling-s
shilling-PL
np:p
0244
bridging
‘but more or less a lot of them only got thirteen shillings you know.’
That wadn't a lot for a man to keep his wife and family on, was it?
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0244
wadn't
be.PST.3SG.NEG
cop
man
man
np.h:a
0245
bridging
keep
keep.INF
vother:pred
his
3SG.M.POSS
ln_pro.h:poss
0245
wife
wife
np.h:p
0246
bridging
family
family
rn_np.h
0247
bridging
‘That wadn't a lot for a man to keep his wife and family on, was it?’
'Course they never paid any rent much, a couple of bob perhaps, eighteen pence, a couple of bob, hm.
‘'Course they never paid any rent much, a couple of bob perhaps, eighteen pence, a couple of bob, hm.’
[INTERVIEWER] Was it slower ploughing with oxen than with horses?
plough-ing
plough-PTCP.PRS
nc
horse-s
horse-PL
nc_np
0187
‘[INTERVIEWER] Was it slower ploughing with oxen than with horses?’
Well, I don't know.
‘Well, I don't know.’
I wouldn't, I think I would rather have a team of oxen than horses because they're steadier, and they always, uh, you've always got that bit of a sway, you got used to it,
team
team
np:p
0248
bridging
horse-s
horse-PL
np:other
0187
steadier
steady.CMPR
other:pred
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0249
‘I wouldn't, I think I would rather have a team of oxen than horses because they're steadier, and they always, uh, you've always got that bit of a sway, you got used to it,’
and eh, well I think it was easier really, 'cause you, you sort of always knew what they was going to do.
it
3SG.N
pro:s
0250
bridging
easier
easy.CMPR
other:pred
go-ing
go-PTCP.PRS
lv_aux
‘and eh, well I think it was easier really, 'cause you, you sort of always knew what they was going to do.’
'Course a, a lot of these properly worked horses, they never make a mistake, not all day long,
horse-s
horse-PL
np:dt_a
0251
bridging
‘'Course a, a lot of these properly worked horses, they never make a mistake, not all day long,’
but I think I would prefer oxen. Hm.
‘but I think I would prefer oxen. Hm.’
They're very easily and quickly subdued you know.
subdue-d
subdue-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘They're very easily and quickly subdued you know.’
If you got a pair of oxen out, got'em roped to a post or something where you could get hold of'em and get the yoke on'em,
pair
pair
np:p
0252
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0252
rope-d
rope-PTCP.PST
vother:pred
something
something
rn_indef_other
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0252
yoke
yoke
np:p
0254
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:g
0252
‘If you got a pair of oxen out, got'em roped to a post or something where you could get hold of'em and get the yoke on'em,’
and then hook'em on to something heavy that they couldn't move,
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0252
something
something
indef_other:g
0255
new
0
0_something
rel_f0:p
0255
could-n't
could-NEG
lv_aux
‘and then hook'em on to something heavy that they couldn't move,’
and hook the other old oxen on in front of'em,
oxen
ox.PL
np:p
0256
bridging
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:l
0252
‘and hook the other old oxen on in front of'em,’
well you had to more or less drag them about,
them
3PL.OBL
pro:p
0257
bridging
‘well you had to more or less drag them about,’
but, if they had a day at that, they was, you know, pretty well cobbled, they, they didn't want to cut up rough not much the next day.
cobbled
cobbled
other:pred
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
‘but, if they had a day at that, they was, you know, pretty well cobbled, they, they didn't want to out up rough nu- much the next day.’
They used to very soon get out of breath and hang their old tongues out.
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0257
tongue-s
tongue-PL
np:p
0258
bridging
‘They used to very soon get out of breath and hang their old tongues out.’
Sometimes we've had'em sulk and lay down,
sometimes
sometimes
other
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0257
sulk
sulk.INF
vother:pred
‘Sometimes we've had'em sulk and lay down,’
we used to go down to a stream if you was anywhere near one
stream
stream
np:g
0259
new
‘we used to go down to a stream if you was anywhere near one’
and get a little old tin or a bottle or something, drop of water in it, put a few drops in their ear, they pretty soon jump up.
bottle
bottle
rn_np
0261
new
drop
drop
np:other
0262
bridging
their
3PL.POSS
ln_pro:poss
0257
ear
ear
np:g
0263
bridging
‘and get a little old tin or a bottle or something, drop of water in it, put a few drops in their ear, they pretty soon jump up.’
They didn't like that. Yeah.
did-n't
do.PST-NEG
lv_aux
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:p
0264
bridging
‘They didn't like that. Yeah.’
They was faithful old things though.
‘They was faithful old things though.’
I always liked them.
‘I always liked them.’
Only 'course these days, oh, they wouldn't, wouldn't be fast enough, nothing is fast enough today.
would-n't
would-NEG
lv_aux
nothing
nothing
indef_other:s
‘Only 'course these days, oh, they wouldn't, wouldn't be fast enough, nothing is fast enough today.’
[INTERVIEWER] When did you last work with them on the land?
‘[INTERVIEWER] When did you last work with them on the land?’
[INTERVIEWER] How, when did they disappear from the land?
disappear
disappear.INF
nc
‘[INTERVIEWER] How, when did they disappear from the land?’
Yeah, oh well now, I should think it was, I don't actually know, but I should think it was at the beginning of the last war, when these tractors begun come about.
beginning
beginning
np:pred_other
0265
new
tractor-s
tractor-PL
np:a
0267
new
come
come.INF
vother:pred
‘Yeah, oh well now, I should think it was, I don't actually know, but I should think it was at the beginning of the last war, when these tractors begun come about.’
That's when I think they was more or less disarmed.
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0265
disarm-ed
disarm-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘That's when I think they was more or less disarmed.’
Because Sissinghurst Castle, that was the last place down here in the south of England that oxen was worked. Yes.
Sissinghurst Castle
Sissinghurst_Castle
pn_np:dt_s
0159
that
DIST.SG
dem_pro:s
0159
here
here
other:l
0268
bridging
south
south
np:pred
0269
bridging
England
England
rn_pn_np
0270
unused
work-ed
work-PTCP.PST
v:pred
‘Because Sissinghurst Castle, that was the last place down here in the south of England that oxen was worked. Yes.’
[INTERVIEWER] So you--
‘[INTERVIEWER] So you--’
And eh, I think that was about the time that they, you know, went out, yeah.
0
0_time
rel_f0:other
0265
‘And eh, I think that was about the time that they, you know, went out, yeah.’
I've got a photograph of them two old oxen back there.
photograph
photograph
np:p
0271
new
oxen
ox.PL
rn_np
0272
bridging
‘I've got a photograph of them two old oxen back there.’
And eh, 'course these tractors and that pushed the horses and the oxen off the farms.
tractor-s
tractor-PL
np:a
0267
horse-s
horse-PL
np:p
0187
‘And eh, 'course these tractors and that pushed the horses and the oxen off the farms.’
Although at certain parts of the country I understand that they still work oxen.
part-s
part-PL
np:l
0273
new
country
country
rn_np
0270
understand
understand.PRS
v:pred
they
3PL
pro.h:a
0274
bridging
‘Although at certain parts of the country I understand that they still work oxen.’
I saw a photograph in the paper some time ago where a man was breaking two in to go in a ploughing match.
photograph
photograph
np:p
0275
new
paper
paper
np:l
0276
bridging
where
where
intrg_other:other
break-ing
break-PTCP.PRS
v:pred
two
two
num_np:p
0278
bridging
ploughing match
ploughing_match
np:g
0279
new
‘I saw a photograph in the paper some time ago where a man was breaking two in to go in a ploughing match.’
And he was driving them on a line like we used to hold the horses.
driving
drive.PTCP.PRS
v:pred
0
0_line
rel_0:p
0281
bridging
hold
hold.INF
vother:pred
horse-s
horse-PL
np:p
0187
‘And he was driving them on a line like we used to hold the horses.’
I often wonder how he got on with it, but it was quite interesting.
it
3SG.N.OBL
pro:obl
0282
bridging
interesting
interesting
other:pred
‘I often wonder how he got on with it, but it was quite interesting.’
[INTERVIEWER] Did you used to enter ploughing matches when you were working with them?
ploughing match-es
ploughing_match-PL
nc_np
0283
bridging
work-ing
work-PTCP.PRS
nc
‘[INTERVIEWER] Did you used to enter ploughing matches when you were working with them?’
Well we never, we used to have a bit of a ploughing match, like, but never, I never went there with our oxen. No.
ploughing match
ploughing_match
np:p
0284
bridging
our
1PL.POSS
ln_pro.1:poss
0229
oxen
ox.PL
np:obl
0285
bridging
‘Well we never, we used to have a bit of a ploughing match, like, but never, I never went there with our oxen. No.’
We used to take'em down to the horse show, a couple of them for, just for a bit of an exhibition.
='em
=3PL.OBL
=pro:p
0285
horse show
horse_show
np:g
0286
new
couple
couple
np:appos
0287
bridging
exhibition
exhibition
np:other
‘We used to take'em down to the horse show, a couple of them for, just for a bit of an exhibition.’